BPC-157 is a 15-amino-acid sequence isolated from a partial fragment of a protein found in human gastric juice. In academic literature it is referred to as Body Protection Compound 157. Most cited research originates from the Sikiric group at the University of Zagreb. Documented preclinical investigation spans soft-tissue signaling, gastric mucosal integrity, vascular pathways, and the nitric oxide system.

TB-500 is a synthetic peptide based on the active region of thymosin β4 (Tβ4), a naturally occurring 43-amino-acid protein first isolated from the thymus gland. Tβ4 is one of the most-studied actin-sequestering proteins in the human body. Documented preclinical investigation spans tissue regeneration, cardiac repair models, ocular surface healing, and inflammatory regulation.

MGF (Mechano Growth Factor) is a 24-amino-acid C-terminal splice variant of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1Ec), first characterized by Yang and Goldspink. It is expressed locally in skeletal muscle following mechanical loading and tissue damage. Documented preclinical investigation spans satellite cell activation, myoblast proliferation signaling, and localized tissue repair pathways.

All three compounds are most-cited alongside investigations of tissue regeneration, cellular repair signaling, and regenerative pathway research in animal and in vitro models. None have been approved by the FDA for any therapeutic indication. All remain classified as research compounds.